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Updated Nov 5, 2024

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The burning eco and safety issues of Bonfire Night!

Remember, remember, the environmental and safety impacts of the 5th November!

Today is Bonfire Night, which is an annual event involving bonfires and firework displays, to commemorate the events of the 5 November 1605, when Guy Fawkes was arrested while guarding explosives the Gunpowder Plotters had placed beneath the House of Lords, with the intention to assassinate King James I and his parliament.

Events to celebrate the plot being foiled include sparklers, bonfire displays and lots of fireworks, but can cause safety and environmental issues. Burning household waste can cause pollution, harm people, and the environment, and could lead to a fine of up to £50,000.

Environmental impact

The Environment Agency is urging those planning to celebrate to go to an organised event or risk a hefty fine if holding their own.

Bonfires have an impact on the climate and, if the wrong materials are burned can harm wildlife, the environment and human health.

The only materials that should be used in bonfires are dry, untreated and unpainted wood, along with small amounts of paper or cardboard. Using wet wood creates smoke which can spread and cause a nuisance to neighbours, and bonfires can get out of control if not properly managed.

It is not just householders that may use Bonfire Night as a way of getting rid of rubbish, businesses may use it to burn waste too, but the Environment Agency also urges them to be aware of what they are burning.

As well as the harm and nuisance burning the wrong kind of waste can cause, burning most types of waste is illegal and can carry a fine of up to £50,000.

Ben Shayler of the Environment Agency said: "We want people to have fun on Bonfire Night – but to do so safely and in a way that won’t create a risk to the environment, wildlife, you and your neighbours".

"The best way of doing that is to stop burning waste altogether and go to a properly organised community event where organisers have followed our guidelines and won’t be causing a hazard".

"Whether you are a business owner or householder, if you are paying someone to take waste away, always check they are licensed waste carriers who will dispose of waste correctly. Criminals working in illegal waste operations may also use the celebration to dispose of hazardous and inappropriate waste".

Safety impact

Fire services across the UK also recommend attending professional firework displays rather than setting off your own at home.

There are lots of organised events each year, with full safety precautions taking place in advance. Professional events will have full risk assessments in place, with things like escape routes, first aid, and emergency firefighting equipment to hand.

It is vital that people remember that fireworks contain explosives and can cause a lot of harm if not stored and used correctly. Fires can get out of hand quickly and become very dangerous.

Dave Waters, Area Manager of Dorset & Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service, said: "We would always urge people to attend organised bonfire and fireworks events as it’s much safer. In addition, it reduces the potential pressure on the fire and rescue service at a time of year when we can be extremely busy".

In addition to bonfires, sparklers are very popular and can be great fun for the whole family, but they do burn at very high temperatures and can easily cause injuries if not used properly.

How to keep Bonfire Night safe and eco-friendly?

To make Bonfire Night environmentally friendly and safe, you should firstly consider attending an organised event.

If you are planning to have a bonfire at home and want it to make sure it is eco-friendly, the Environment Agency advises:

  • not to use it to dispose of household waste such as plastic, rubber, glass, oils or metal, as these materials carry a pollution risk and should be disposed of through waste collections or at council recycling centres;
  • always check for hedgehogs and other wildlife which may have crawled inside before setting light to a bonfire;
  • do not allow anyone else to add materials to your bonfire, other than clean, dry, untreated wood;
  • if you see a bonfire being built which you think may contain hazardous materials, you can contact the Environment Agency on their 24-hour helpline at 0800 807060 or report it anonymously to Crimestoppers on 0800 555111.

If you are planning to have a bonfire at home, these safety tips safeguard yourself and your loved ones around fireworks:

  • only buy fireworks displaying the official CE mark and from reputable retailers;
  • never drink alcohol when handling fireworks;
  • store them in their original packaging with the lid closed;
  • read the instructions and follow them to the letter;
  • follow them at arm's length using a taper to protect yourself;
  • stand well back when they are lit and never return to a lit firework until it has gone off;
  • supervise children and keep all pets indoors;
  • do not set off fireworks after 12am on bonfire night, this is against the law;
  • tell your neighbours about your plans to build a bonfire;
  • keep the bonfire well away from fences, sheds, trees and bushes;
  • place a barrier around the bonfire and keep everyone at least 5m away when it is lit;
  • do not use accelerants such as petrol to light the bonfire;
  • keep a bucket of water nearby just in case;
  • if a fire gets out of hand, call 999 and ask for the fire service straight away;
  • handle one sparkler at a time, supervise children, prepare a bucket of water and wear gloves when holding sparklers.

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